循流化床锅炉基础知识

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1、循流化床锅炉基础知识循流化床锅炉基础知识1Basic Knowledge of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler一次风机二次风机引风机高压鼓风机炉膛省煤器过热器旋风分离器风箱空气预热器ESP烟囱高二次风低二次风 1.1循流化床锅炉的概念循流化床锅炉的概念 1.1Concept of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler 采用循环流化床燃烧技术，燃用固体燃料的锅炉就是循环流化床锅炉。固体颗粒（燃料、底渣、循环灰、石灰石、砂子等）在炉膛内以流态化的方式运动，被流化风带走的部分颗粒经分离器分离，送回炉膛循环燃烧。炉膛内的颗粒浓度高，燃烧、传

2、质、传热剧烈，温度分布均匀。The circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB boiler) is a kind of boiler which utilizes the combustion technology of circulating fluidized bed, and fired with solid fuel. The solid particles (fuel, bottom slag, circulating ash, limestone, sand, etc.) are moving in the way of fluidized sta

3、te in the furnace. The partial particles taken away by air are separated by separators, and then return back to the furnace for circulating combustion. In the furnace, consistence of particles is high, the distribution of temperature is even, combustion, material conveying, and heat transfer are vio

4、lent.什么叫循环流化床Section 1 what is circulating fluidized bed boiler 循环流化床锅炉的工作过程大致为：燃料及石灰石脱硫剂经破碎至合适粒度后，由给煤机和给料机从流化床燃烧室布风板上部给入，与燃烧室内炽热的沸腾物料混合，被迅速加热，燃料迅速着火燃烧、石灰石则与燃料燃烧生成的SO2反应生成CaS04，从而起到脱硫作用。燃烧室温度控制在850左右。在较高气流速度的作用下，燃烧充满整个炉膛，并有大量固体颗粒被携带出燃烧室，经高温旋风分离器分离后，一部分热炉料直接送回流化床燃烧室继续参与燃烧；另部分则送至外置床换热器，在外置床换热器中与受热面和空气

5、进行热交换，被冷却至400600后，经送灰器送回燃烧室或排出炉外。经旋风分离器导出的高温烟气，在尾部烟道与对流受热面换热后，通过布袋除尘器或静电除尘器，由烟囱排出。Generally, the working process of CFB boiler is that after fuel and limestone are crushed into proper particle sizes, they are conveyed to the combustion chamber above the air distributor, by coal feeders and material

6、feeders and then they are mixed with hot fluidized material to be heated up rapidly. Thus, fuel catches fire quickly and burn, limestone reacts with SO2, which fuel burns and generated, to produce CaS04, so that can we have the desulphurizing function. The chemical reaction equations are as follows:

7、C + O2 CO2C + O2 CO2CO + O2 2CO2CaCO3 CaO + CO2S + O2 SO2CaO + SO2 CaSO32CaSO3 + O2 CaSO4The temperature of combustion chamber should be controlled to about 850. Under the influence of high speed air flow, the combustion is full of furnace, and a lot of solid particles have been carried out from the

8、 combustion chamber and to be separated by high temperature cyclone separator. And then a part of the separated material is directly returned to the combustion chamber to combust continuously, and the other part is sent to a external heat exchanger, Which is also a small fluidized bed, where occurs

9、the heat exchange with the heating surface and air. Out from the external heat exchanger, it is cooled to 400600, and then through the ash conveyer it is sent back to the combustion chamber or is discharged to ash silo. The high temperature flue gas, goes through the cyclone separator into the verti

10、cal flue, exchanges heat with convection heating surfaces, then, discharged from the chimney after purified by the bag filter or the electrostatic precipitator. 循环流化床锅炉的一些基本名称术语 Section 2 some basic technical terms of the CFB boiler 1.物料 Material 在循环流化床炉膛以及循环系统内的，参与燃烧和热传递的固体物质 Material, here refers

11、to the solid substance in the furnace and the circulating system, which take part in the combustion and heat transfer. 2.床料 Bed material 床料是指存在于床面上的物料，包括静止的或流化状态的，或者从功能上讲将要用作床料的材料 Bed material refers to the material that on the bed, either in fluidized or in stable state, or for the function, such m