2015年1月31日雅思阅读真题与解析

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1、2015年1月31日雅思阅读真题万解析PassagelQ日题）题材：历史文化类 题目：TattooonTikopia 题型：判断4+图表填空5+表格填空4 文事大忌: 本文研究的是毛利人的传统纹身，先介绍背景（定义、历史），科学家喜欢研究这种纹身，然后介绍纹身的制作工艺，最后说了纹身的含义。ATherearestilldebatesabouttheoriginsofPolynesianculture,butonethingwecanensureisthatPolynesiaisnotasingletribebutaco mplexone.PolynesianswhichincludesMarq

2、uesans , Samoans,Niueans,Tongans,CookIslanders,Hawaiians,Tahitians,andMaori,arcgeneticallylinkedtoindigenouspeoplesofpart sofSoutheastAsia.Itsasub-regionofOccania,comprisingofalargegroupingofoven,000islandsscatteredoverthecentralandsou thernPacificOcean,withinatrianglethathasNewZealand,HawaiiandEast

3、erIslandasitscorners.BPolynesianhistoryhasfascinatedthewesternworldsincePacificcultureswerefirstcontactedbyEuropeanexplorersinthelate18t hcentury.ThesmallislandofTikopia,formanypeople-evenformanySolomonIslanders-issofarawaythatitseemslikeamythicall and;aplacelikeNamiathatmagicallandinC.S.Lewis,class

4、ic, TheChroniclesofNamia.TiMpybetSeeopSeofite,andtheircultureshavelongfascinatedscholars,travelers,andcasualobservers.LikethepioneersPeterDillion,DumoniDUrvill eandJohnColleridgePattersonwhovisitedandwroteabouttheislandinthe1800s,RaymondFirthisoneofthosepeoplecapturedbyt healluringattractionofTikopi

5、a.Asaresult,hehadmadeanumberoftripstotheislandsince1920sandrecordedhisexperiences,obse rvationsandreflectionsonTikopia,itspeople,culturesandthechangesthathaveoccurred.CWhileengagedinstudyofthekinshipandreligiouslifeofthepeopleofTikopia,Firthmadeafewobservationsontheirtattooing.Bri efthoughthesenotes

6、aretheymaybeworthputtingonrecordasanindicationofthesociologicalsettingofthepracticeinthisprimitive Polynesiancommunity.TheoriginoftheEnglishword tattooactuallycomesfromtheTikopiawordtatau1.Thewordfortattoomarksingeneralistau,andtheoperationoftattooingisknownastatau,tabeingthegenerictermfortheactofst

7、riking.DThetechniqueoftattooingwassimilarthroughoutPolynesia.Traditionaltattooartistscreatetheirindelibletattoosusingpigment madefromthecandlenutorkukuinut.First,theybumthenutinsideabowlmadeofhalfacoconutshell.Theythenscrapeoutthesootan duseapestletomixitwithliquid.Bluingissometimesaddedtocounteract

8、thereddishhueofthecarbon-basedpigment.Italsomakest heoutlineoftheinscribeddesignsbolderonthedarkskinoftattooingsubjects.EFortheinstrumentsusedwhentattooing,specialistsusedarangeofchiselsmadefromalbatrosswingbonewhichwerehaftedontoahandlewhichwasmadefromtheheartwoodofthebushandstruckwithamallet.Theta

9、ttooerbeganbysketchingwithcharcoaladesig nonthesupinesubject,whoseskinatthatlocationwasstretchedtautbyonemoreapprentices.Thetattooerthendippedtheappropriat epoints-eitherasingleoneorawholecombintotheink(usuallycontainedinacoconut-shellcup)andtappeditintothesubjectsskin,h oldingthebladehandleinonehan