测控专业英语Unit 3

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1、Unit 3 测控技术与仪器专业英语Measurement Methods and StrategiesChapter 1 Introduction to Measurement2 Q1 What measurement methods are most important for measurement technology? Q2 On what principles are the most important measurement methods developed based? Q3 What is the problem of measurement strategies bro

2、ught forward in addition to the measurement methods? Questions before reading除除之外之外3 Q4 What can one do with the help of the three strategies mentioned in the text individually? Q5 At what difficulties do these strategies have individually? Q6 What principles are these strategies based on and what i

3、mportant methods are used regarding each strategy? Questions before reading4 measurement strategy 测量策略测量策略 Frequency spectrum 频谱频谱 coherent sampling 相关采样相关采样 periodic 周期的周期的 reconstructed signal 重现的信号重现的信号 random sampling 随机采样随机采样 nonlinearity 非线性非线性 systematic errors 系统误差系统误差 random errors 随机误差随机误差

4、 calibration 标定标定 response-time 响应时间响应时间Words and Expressions5Main content Measurement Methods1Measurement Strategies2Error, Accuracy and Precision3Systematic and Random Error461 Measurement Methods(1) Deflection method, difference method and null method With the deflection method the read-out of th

5、e measurement device used entirely determines the result of the measurement 采用采用偏转法偏转法测量时，测量时，测量设备的读数测量设备的读数完全决定了完全决定了测量的结果。测量的结果。71 Measurement Methods(1) Deflection method, difference method and null method The difference method measures (indicates) only the difference between the unknown quantity

6、 and the known, reference quantity. Here, the result of the measurement is partially determined by the read-out of the measurement device used and partially by the reference quantity. 微差法微差法即是测量未知量与即是测量未知量与参考量参考量（已知量）之间（已知量）之间的差。故测量结果一部分取决于测量设备的读数，的差。故测量结果一部分取决于测量设备的读数，一部分取决于参考量。一部分取决于参考量。81 Measure

7、ment Methods(1) Deflection method, difference method and null method Finally，with the null method the result is entirely determined by a known reference quantity. The read-out of the measurement instrument is used only to adjust the reference quantity to exactly the same value as the unknown quantit

8、y. The indication is then zero and the instrument is therefore used as a null detector or zero indicator. 最后，对于最后，对于零位法零位法，其测量结果完全取决于已知参，其测量结果完全取决于已知参考量。测量仪器的读数只是考量。测量仪器的读数只是使参考量与未知量准确使参考量与未知量准确一致一致。其显示值为。其显示值为0，故这种仪器被作为零值探测器，故这种仪器被作为零值探测器或零值指示器使用。或零值指示器使用。91 Measurement Methods(3) Analogy method 类推

9、法类推法 This method makes use of a model of the object from which we wish to obtain measurement information. Measurements made on the model then provide information about the unknown object, as long as the model corresponds with the object in certain essential points. This method is most often used whe

10、n measurements of the actual object are not possible, extremely difficult, time consuming or costly. 这种方法利用待测对象的模型获取测量信息。这种方法利用待测对象的模型获取测量信息。只要模型只要模型在某些特定关键点上与对象相符，则测量可以对模型展在某些特定关键点上与对象相符，则测量可以对模型展开并可提供未知对象的信息。开并可提供未知对象的信息。这种方法适用于实际对象这种方法适用于实际对象测量不可能、极困难、耗时长或成本高的情况。测量不可能、极困难、耗时长或成本高的情况。101 Measureme

11、nt Methods(4) Repetition method 复测法复测法 With this method several measurements of the same unknown quantity are conducted. Most fundamental physical constants have been measured in several different ways, to prevent the possibility of making the same (systematic) errors, specific to a certain type of