管理学英文版课件 2.ppt

Chapter 2  Management Yesterday and Today
Contents
Historical Background Of Management
Scientific Management
General Administrative Theories
Quantitative Approach To Management
Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior
The Systems Approach
The Contingency Approach
Current Trends And Issues
Egypt (pyramids)
Ancient Management
China (Great Wall)
Adam Smith
Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776
Advocated the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers
division of labor
The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.
Industrial Revolution
The substitution of machine power for human power, which made it more economical to manufacture goods in factories rather than at home.
Exhibit Development of Major Management Theories
Scientific Management
An approach that involves using the scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.
Frederick W. Taylor
The “father” of scientific management
The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
Mental Revolution
Taylor described his philosophy that labor and management had a “mutuality of interests” and needed to work.
Management, Workers, and Owners must work together to share to make the pie bigger – not get a bigger piece to the detriment of each other.
Taylor’s Early Years
Born in PA in 1856
Father – Prosperous Lawyer
Advantage of fine prep school – Philips Exeter Academy, NH
Did not go to Harvard due to failing eyesight
Began as a factory apprentice pattern maker