第8-9次课UNIT11LatheandTurning

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1、w 1.The lathe and its constructionw 2. Lathe Cutting Tools w 3. Lathe Operationsw 4.Cutting Speed and Feed1.The lathe and its constructionw The Lathe and Its Constructionw 车床及其结构车床及其结构w A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat edges.w 车床是主要用于生成旋转表面和平整边缘的

2、车床是主要用于生成旋转表面和平整边缘的机床机床。w Based on their purpose, construction, number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted, and degree of automation, lathes-or, more accurately, lathe-type machine tools can be classified as follows:w 根据它们的使用目的、结构、能同时被根据它们的使用目的、结构、能同时被安装安装刀具的数刀具的数量和自动化的程度，车床量和自动化的程度，车床或更确切地说

3、是车床类的或更确切地说是车床类的机床，可以被分成以下几类：机床，可以被分成以下几类： 1.The lathe and its construction1.The lathe and its constructionw (1)Engine lathes普通车床普通车床w (2)Toolroom lathes万能车床万能车床w (3)Turret lathes转塔车床转塔车床w (4)Vertical turning and boring mills立式车削立式车削和镗床和镗床w (5)Automatic lathes自动车床自动车床w (6)Special-purpose lathes特殊车床特

4、殊车床1.The lathe and its constructionw In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation. These features can best be illustrated by considering the commonly used representative type, the engine lathe. Following

5、 is a description of each of the main elements of an engine lathe, which is shown in Fig.11.1.w 虽然车床类的机床多种多样，但它们在结构和虽然车床类的机床多种多样，但它们在结构和操作原操作原理理上具有共同特性。这些特性可以通过上具有共同特性。这些特性可以通过普通车床普通车床这一这一最常用的代表性类型来最好地说明。下面是关于图最常用的代表性类型来最好地说明。下面是关于图11.1所示所示普通车床普通车床的主要部分的描述。的主要部分的描述。1.The lathe and its constructionw

6、Lathe bed. The lathe bed is the main frame, involving a horizontal beam on two vertical supports. It is usually made of grey or nodular cast iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting. w 车床床身：车床床身是包含了在两个车床床身：车床床身是包含了在两个垂直支柱垂直支柱上上水平水平横梁横梁的主骨架。为减振它一般由灰铸铁或的主骨架。为减振它一般由灰铸铁或球墨铸铁球墨铸铁铸铸造而成。造而成。w It has

7、guideways to allow the carriage to slide easily lengthwise. The height of the lathe bed should be appropriate to enable the technician to do his or her job easily and comfortably.w 它上面有能让它上面有能让溜板溜板轻易纵向滑动的导轨。车床床身的轻易纵向滑动的导轨。车床床身的高度应适当以让技师容易而舒适地工作。高度应适当以让技师容易而舒适地工作。1.The lathe and its constructionw Hea

8、dstock. The headstock is fixed at the left hand side of the lathe bed and includes the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways (the slide surface of the bed). The spindle is driven through the gearbox, which is housed within the headstock. w 主轴箱主轴箱：主轴箱固定在车床：主轴箱固定在车床床身床身的左侧，它的左侧，它包括轴线平行于包括轴线平

9、行于导轨导轨的主轴。主轴通过装在的主轴。主轴通过装在主轴箱内的主轴箱内的齿轮箱齿轮箱驱动。驱动。1.The lathe and its constructionw The function of the gearbox is to provide a number of different spindle speeds (usually 6 up to 18 speeds). Some modern lathes have headstocks with infinitely variable spindle speeds, which employ frictional ,electrica

10、l ,or hydraulic drives.w 齿轮箱的功能是给主轴提供若干不同的速度齿轮箱的功能是给主轴提供若干不同的速度(通常是通常是6到到18速速)。有些现代车床具有采用摩擦。有些现代车床具有采用摩擦、电力或液压驱动的、电力或液压驱动的无级调速无级调速主轴箱。主轴箱。1.The lathe and its constructionw The spindle is always hollow, i.e., it has a through hole extending lengthwise. Bar stock can be fed through that hole if contin

11、uous production is adopted. w 主轴往往是主轴往往是中空的中空的，即纵向有一通孔。如果采取连续，即纵向有一通孔。如果采取连续生产，棒料能通过此孔进给。生产，棒料能通过此孔进给。w Also, that hole has a tapered surface to allow mounting a plain lathe center. The outer surface of the spindle is threaded to allow mounting of a chuck, a face plate, or the like.w 同时，此孔为同时，此孔为锥形表