基于GPRS的远程气象信息传输系统设计

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1、装订线基于GPRS的远程气象信息传输系统设计基于GPRS的远程气象信息传输系统设计 摘 要随着社会的进步和信息技术的高速发展，政府及社会公众对气象服务的要求进一步扩大、加深，也对气象监测提出了越来越高的要求。本文提出了一种基于AT-mega128单片机和GPRS远程通讯的低功耗、高性能的自动气象站数据采集系统设计方案，详细介绍了系统传感器的原理方法和设计，数据的采集、处理及存储，并提供良好的人机交互接口，实现自动气象站数据的实时显示与菜单化的界面管理功能。利用GPRS模块与数据监控中心主机进行通信，达到远程数据实时传输和监控的目的。论文首先介绍了自动气象站的国内外研究现状，针对气象部门的现有条

2、件，分析了自动气象站的特点和功能需求，确立了自动气象采集系统的设计目标和总体设计方案，并简要介绍了系统的硬件结构及设计方法。详细介绍了各个数据采集、处理与存储模块、人机交互模块以及通讯模块的设计和实现，特别是传感器的设计。最后利用GPRS模块确定了自动气象站的组网方案，并分析、制定了气象数据传输的通信协议。该课题从实际工作出发，实现了自动气象站气象信息采集、传输和监控的自动化。系统具有体积小、成本低、功耗低、采集速度快等优点，在气象监测行业中具有广泛的应用前景。关键词：自动气象站，GPRS通讯，数据采集，人机交互Abstract With the progress of modern soci

3、ety and fast development of information technology, the demands of meteorological services and monitoring are further expanded for government and the public. This paper presents a low-power-consumption and high-performance automatic meteorological data acquisition system based on AT-mega128 micropro

4、cessors and GPRS remote communication. It mainly introduces details of the methods and design principles of the sensor system, and the acquisition, processing and storage of data. It also provides a good human-machine interaction interface to realize menu management and real-time display of acquired

5、 data. Through the data communication between the existing GPRS network and the host of data processing center, it achieves the purpose of monitoring and remote real-time transmission. The paper first introduced the research status of the automatic weather station at home and abroad, analyzed the fe

6、atures and functional requirements of the automatic weather station with the existing conditions, and established objectives and the overall design of the automatic meteorological acquisition system. And a brief introduction of the system hardware architecture and design methods was given. Then we a

7、nalyzed the software design method based on the interrupt system and the timing task control mechanism, and presented the detailed design and implementation of data acquisition, processing and storage module, in particular sensor design . At last, GPRS module was utilized to establish the networking

8、 solutions of automatic weather station, analyze, and we developed the communication protocol for the transmission of meteorological data. This subject achieved the automatic collection, transmission and monitoring of meteorological information for the automatic weather station based on the actual w

9、ork. The system has the advantages of small size low cost, low power consumption and fast acquisition and has broad application prospects in meteorological monitoring industry.KEY WORDS: automatic weather station, GPRS remote communication, data acquisition, human-machine interaction目 录摘 要2Abstract3

10、第一章 绪 论11.1引言11.1.1提高常规观测的时空密度11.1.2改善观测质量和可靠性11.1.3保证观测的可比性要求11.1.4改善观测业务条件、降低观测业务成本11.2国内外发展现状11.2.1国外自动气象站的发展11.2.2国内自动气象站的发展21.2.3气象采集技术的发展31.3基于GPRS的自动气象站的设计要求和系统结构框图31.3.1自动气象站的设计要求31.3.2自动气象监测系统结构框图41.4论文的研究内容及结构安排5第二章 无人自动气象站用传感器原理及性能分析62.1传感器基本概念62.1.1传感器定义与组成62.1.2传感器的静态特性62.1.3传感器的动态特性82.

11、1.4传感器的对外接口及其它指标82.2温度传感器原理及性能分析82.2.1温度定义82.2.2单位和温标82.2.3气象对温度的要求82.2.4温度测量原理102.3湿度传感器原理及性能分析102.3.1湿度定义102.3.2湿度单位和标度102.3.3气象要求112.3.4电容湿度测量原理112.4气压传感器原理及性能分析122.4.1气压定义122.4.2气压的单位和标尺122.4.3气象要求122.4.4工作原理132.5风传感器原理及性能分析132.5.1风的定义132.5.2风的单位与标尺142.5.3气象要求142.5.4工作原理142.6雨量传感器原理及性能分析162.6.1雨