基于单机片的客车超载警报系统的设计与实现

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1、基于单机片的客车超载警报系统的设计与实现摘要在本文中设计了一种应用于客车中超载报警系统，本系统以单片机为核心，同时摆包含反射式红外传感器、HX711重量检测芯片、报警电路、锁定电路以及键盘模块等等，司机在开车之前可手动设置人数上限以及车辆的最大重量，通过传感器模块可将当前车辆人数以及总重量在显示模块中进行显示。当客车上的人数或总重量超过设定的阈值时则系统发出报警，此时单片机对信息进行处理后会发出信号控制继电器动作，客车电子起动器工作，此时车辆处于制动状态，不能正常发动和行驶。本文所设计的基于单机片的客车超载警报系统分为两大部分，其一为软件部分，其二为硬件部分。其中硬件部分包含红外传感器、方向识

2、别电路等，可实现对上下车人数的检测和判断、HX711重量检测芯片和AD转换电路把重量变化的模拟量转换为数字信号并输入单片机系统。单片机将传感器检测的数据发送到单片机进行处理后会将当前车辆人数和总重在显示模块中予以显示，若超过设定阈值，则报警模块中蜂鸣器发出报警声且发光二极管发出红光，提示超员或超载。在最后对本文设计的基于单机片的客车超载警报系统进行了调试，调试结果表明本系统可实现预期功能，且具有一定的功能扩展性，本文的设计对相似系统的设计提供了一定理论借鉴。关键词：客车超载系统检测，单片机，光电传感器，重量传感器Design and Implementation of Passenger Ca

3、r Overload Alarm System Based on Single ChipABSTRACTIn this paper, an overload warning system for passenger cars is designed. The system is based on single-chip microcomputer. At the same time, it includes reflective infrared sensor, HX711 weight detection chip, alarm circuit, locking circuit and ke

4、yboard module. The driver is driving. The upper limit of the number of people and the maximum amount of the vehicle can be manually set, and the current number of vehicles and the total weight can be displayed in the display module by the sensor module. When the number of people on the bus or the to

5、tal weight exceeds the set threshold, the system will issue an alarm. At this time, the MCU will send a signal to control the relay action after the information is processed. The bus electronic starter works. At this time, the vehicle is in the braking state and cannot be normal. Start and drive.The

6、 single-chip-based passenger car overload warning system designed in this paper is divided into two parts, one is the software part, and the other is the hardware part. The hardware part includes an infrared sensor, a direction recognition circuit, etc., which can realize the detection and judgment

7、of the number of people getting on and off, the HX711 weight detection chip and the AD conversion circuit convert the analog quantity of the weight change into a digital signal and input it into the single chip system. After transmitting the data detected by the sensor to the MCU for processing, the

8、 MCU will display the current vehicle number and total weight in the display module. If the set threshold is exceeded, the buzzer in the alarm module will sound an alarm and the LED will emit red light. Prompt over or overloaded. At the end of this paper, the single-chip-based passenger car overload

9、 warning system designed in this paper is debugged. The debugging results show that the system can achieve the expected function and has certain function expansion. The design of this paper provides a certain theoretical reference for the design of similar systems.Key words: coachoverload, systemdet

10、ection, microcontroller, photoelectricsensorHX711目 录摘要IABSTRACTII第1章绪论11.1 开发背景与现状11.2 开发设计的意义21.3课题主要内容3第2章客车超载监控系统的方案论证42.1 系统的原理42.2系统的组成4第3章客车超载警报系统的硬件设计63.1 客车超载监控系统的检测电路63.1.1 传感器的选择63.1.2 反射式红外传感器检测原理73.1.3方向识别电路的设计83.2 单片机最小系统的设计103.2.1单片机的选择103.2.2单片机外围电路的设计123.3显示电路的设计143.4键盘电路的设计163.5报警电路

11、的设计173.6客车锁定电路的设计18第4章客车超载监控系统的软件设计204.1 客车超载监控系统的软件设计方案204.2 T0、T1中断计数程序的设计224.3按键子程序的设计234.4报警与锁定子程序的设计234.5显示子程序的设计25第5章系统调试与分析265.1系统的硬件调试265.2系统的软件调试275.3调试故障及原因分析27第6章结论29参考文献30致 谢31第1章绪论1.1 开发背景与现状随着社会经济的发展，人们出行的频率越来越高，尤其是节假日出行更高峰时选择乘坐客车的人数越来越多，但公路交通运力确并未有所提升，因此超载现象频发，由此带来的安全问题屡屡发生，为社会和个人带来了极