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1、口译笔记的技巧Lecture 6:Note-taking in InterpretingThe worst pen is better than the best memory.vI. The importance of taking notes in interpretingOur short-term memory alone can not retain the amount of information the speaker gives in the act of interpreting. We need to employ other means to help with our
2、 retaining and retrieval of information. Notes are an aid to enhance the work of understanding, analysis and re-expression, the three activities of consecutive interpreting.vThe main use of notes is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almo
3、st impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic.vII. Features of Note-taking in Interpretation:v1Immediateness (即时性即时性) v useless for preservatio
4、n v2Brevity (简短性简短性) vmemory-trigger 记忆激发手段记忆激发手段 v framework v3. Individuality (个人性个人性)vcan be creative, characteristic 例子例子第三产业已成为外商在穗投资的新热点。去年，新第三产业已成为外商在穗投资的新热点。去年，新批第三产业工程批第三产业工程1037个，吸收外资个，吸收外资44.4亿美元，亿美元，外商投资已从工业扩大到金融、保险、房地产、外商投资已从工业扩大到金融、保险、房地产、商业、娱乐、教育和保健等领域。商业、娱乐、教育和保健等领域。v1. Did I use com
5、plete sentences? They are generally a waste of time.v2.Did I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing?v3.Did I capture main points and all subpoints?v4.Did I streamline using abbreviations and shortcuts?vIf you answered no to any of these questions(2-4), you may need to develop some new
6、note-taking skills! 三产：热广州三产：热广州/外外 .上上Yr1037OK 外外4.44bn$ 外外 Fnc Ins 房房 Com 娱娱 Ed 保健保健IV. Suggestions for note-taking in interpretation:v1. Grasp the key words only.v2. Dont overemphasize on note-taking.v3. Use your familiar symbols and marks. 原那么：原那么：口译为主，笔记为辅；口译为主，笔记为辅；笔记应表达信息的概念与结构笔记应表达信息的概念与结构记下
7、密度和难度高的信息记下密度和难度高的信息笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原那么；笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原那么；笔记的语言符号必须能够沟通；笔记的语言符号必须能够沟通；笔记纸大小依口译员可控制的空间而定。笔记纸大小依口译员可控制的空间而定。v4. Suggested Language to Be Used in Note-taking:vIn reality, interpreters tend to use both languages interchangeably. vthe only rule: quick, clear and accurate ve.g. 中国人民解放军中国人民
8、解放军 PLA v 中华人民共和国中华人民共和国 PRCv responsibility 责责5. Basic guidelines for note-taking in CI1) Use A 15cm X 20cm stenographers note-pad; avoid loose sheets.2) Write only on one side of the sheets; use a good old lead pencil.3) Notes should be easily readable, be well spread on the page, written in large
9、 characters, and one single sentence can even occupy one sheet.More advice:v Notes must be unequivocal: for instance, an arrow pointing upward must be always used to represent one idea in the notes.v Avoid inventing symbols or abbreviations in the course of a conference.vLanguage used in your notes:
10、 SL and TL vWrite your notes verticallyvUse abbreviations vUse whatever language that comes to your mindvUse as many symbols as you feel comfortable with6. Note-taking:What to note-Take down the main points of the speech, together with any amount of minor details you could manage(口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、数字
11、、组织机口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系构和逻辑关系)-Note down the main ideas.-Systematically note down the links between different ideas.-Note down the point of view being expressed.-Pay attention to verb tenses, conditional forms, and modal verbs.-Note down accurately the numbers, dates and proper names. But
12、digest everything before taking notes! 7. The use of left-hand margin The left-hand margin is all-important, since in this section of the sheet the subjects of and the links between the sentences are to be noted. Some interpreters may choose to leave a left-hand margin of one to two centimeters for
13、links only. Practice 2：中国的对外政策是一贯的，有三句话，第一句话是反中国的对外政策是一贯的，有三句话，第一句话是反对霸权主义，第二句话是维护世界和平，第三句话对霸权主义，第二句话是维护世界和平，第三句话是加强同第三世界的团结和合作，或者叫联合和合是加强同第三世界的团结和合作，或者叫联合和合作。作。中中 f.p. 一贯一贯 3句句1 反反h 2) 维维p3) 团团/联联&Co. 3rd W./ V. 笔记的记录技巧v1) 竖向记录，意群分行。一个意群就占一行，能有效防止思路出现混乱。即使纸上有空白，也并不意味信息的空白，那正是译员脑记应填补的信息空间。空白是必要的
14、。v2) 快速书写，减笔连笔v3缩略书写，少字多意v4巧用符号，形象表意v5段尾画线，明确结束Note-taking Practicevwatch the following video clip about a real interpreting activity, try to simulate interpreting the conversation for both sides, then figure out whats wrong with the interpreter.VIII.Suggested Formats for Notetaking: 1) We might use
15、 some simple words to stand for various groups of logical conjunctions: If : so long as, on condition that, provided that, in case (conditional expressions); Tho: though, although, even though, while, in spite of, despite (concessive expressions) ; To: so as to, in order to/that, so that (expression
16、s of purpose) ; Due: because, as, since, for, for this reason, now that, owing to, thanks to (expressions of cause); So: thus, therefore, hence, as a result of, consequently (expressions of result); But: however, still, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless (Transitional expressions)
17、2) Suggested Symbols and Abbreviations to Be Used in Note-taking: 1. Picture marks:2. The arrows “:() An arrow pointing to the right may stand for “export to, “enter, “arrive in, “lead to, “present to, “give to, “submit to, “result in, “send to or “cause.() An arrow pointing to the left may indicate
18、 “come from, “originate in, “import from, “receive from, or “come back to.() An upward arrow can mean “grow, “expand, “develop, “rise, “go up, “strengthen, “increase, “improve, “launch, “ascend, “skyrocket, or “promote.() A downward arrow may carry the meaning of “drop to, “bomb, “jump, “decrease, “
19、descend, “go down, “deteriorate, “demote or “reduce.3. Mathematical symbols: Mathematical symbols such as “, “, “, “, “, “, “, “ are very simple but precise. “ may stand for “plus, “and, “in addition to or “furthermore.“ may stand for “minus or “lack.v “ may stand for “greater, larger or more than,
20、“better than, “surpass, “superior to, “more and more.v “ may stand for “smaller/fewer/less than, “worse than or “inferior to.v “ may stand for “more than or equal to.v “ may stand for “less than or equal to.v “ may stand for “equal to, “equal, “the same as or “a match/rival/competitor for somebody.
21、v “ may stand for “not equal to, “not match for.v “ may stand for “approximately, “around, or “or so.v “ may stand for “as , “because, “owing to, “due to or “thanks to. v “may stand for “consequently, “so, “therefore or “as a result. 5Time marks:v (1) y: 年年 M:月月 w: 周周 h: 小时小时 m: 分分 s: 秒。秒。v 2时间的前后用小
22、数点时间的前后用小数点“.表示，点在前面，表示表示，点在前面，表示“几几年年(月，天月，天)前；前； 点在后面，表示点在后面，表示“几年几年(月，天月，天)后，所后，所以：以：3年前可以这样表示：年前可以这样表示：.3y; tomorrow: d.; yesterday: .d; last week: .w; next week: w.; 2 years later: 2y.; today: d。 v 3具体的年、月、日可按汉语习惯用阿拉伯数字记，具体的年、月、日可按汉语习惯用阿拉伯数字记，如：如：v January 20th, 1978: 78. 1. 20 6. Country name
23、marks:中国：中中国：中 日本日本: 日或日或J 美国：美国：US 韩国：韩国：K 英国：英国：UK 法国：法国：F 香港：香港：HK 台湾：台湾：TW 澳门：澳门：OM如果遇到一些容易混淆的国名，可另外参加字母以区分。如果遇到一些容易混淆的国名，可另外参加字母以区分。伊拉克伊拉克 Iraq IK 印度印度 India ID伊朗伊朗 Iran IR 印度尼西亚印度尼西亚 Indonesia IN瑞士瑞士 Switzerland Sz 巴基斯坦巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK瑞典瑞典 Sweden SD 巴勒斯坦巴勒斯坦 Palestine PL7. Abbreviations :There
24、 are large numbers of abbreviations both in Chinese and English. They can be used in note-taking, e.g.UN - 联合国联合国 UNICEF- 联合国儿联合国儿童基金会童基金会 UNESCO- 联合国教科联合国教科文组织文组织 APEC- 亚太经合组织亚太经合组织 ASEAN-东盟东盟 GNP- 国民国民生产总值生产总值 CPC-中国共产党中国共产党 OECD-经济经济合作与开展组织合作与开展组织 PICC- 中国人民保险公司中国人民保险公司 EU- 欧盟欧盟纽约纽约 - NY 洛杉矶洛杉矶-
25、LA人大人大 - NPC 政协政协- CPPCCAbbreviations can also be created with a good reasonv 社会保障体系社会保障体系社保社保 野生动物保护区野生动物保护区-野区野区v 北京市人民政府北京市人民政府-北府北府 物质文明和精神文明物质文明和精神文明-物物精精v 社会主义制度社会主义制度-社社s 资本主义资本主义- 资资v 四个现代化四个现代化-4M 北京北京-BJv 上海上海-SH 合资企业合资企业-JVv Five-Year Plan (五年方案五年方案) 5yP v Foreign Invested Enterprises - F
26、IEv information industry - IT indyv Foreign Direct Investment -FDI Note-taking: Example 1 because every child has the same needs, and the right to a basic education, the right to food, the right to shelter, and the right to basic health and every child needs a friend all same rights ed.shelterhealth
27、need friendNote-taking: Example 2Hungary has complained that its steel exports to the European Union are unable to develop because of excessively restrictive quotas. But the Union representative pointed out that quotas are still underused by Hungary by a large margin, so the quotas themselves didnt
28、appear to be creating the difficulties could be noted down as follows: HU complainedsteel experts to EU cant developbecause too strict tariff quotasBut EU repquotas underused by HU a lot So quotas not prob Note-taking: Example 2 HU: steel experts cannot develop to EU because tariff quotas too restri
29、ctive _ but EU: HU underuses a lot quotas so quotas not problemExample 3原文vAs an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans./ We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese C
30、olleagues due to our different cultural traditions. / I cant say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management./ in recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the mor
31、e humane way of Chinese management. v 例3 (笔记v美 经 中美合企 2 年 I 说dif bus.man.中美/ we 更 直率 比 中 不同文传/ I x 我 bus. + 毕有 + & - both/ 近年 美企 exe. 强：hu 中管Example 4 (原文vThe Gatt system has been the catalyst for the greatest expansion of global trade and economic growth in the history of mankind. Tariffs have
32、fallen from an average of 40 percent in 1948 to todays average of less than 4 percent. Global trade has increased 16-fold, helping to lead to a 400 percent increase in real world output. Rich countries have gotten richer; but so have the less developed ones. This is the reason why today the WTO has
33、132 members, with 32 more countries interested in joining.例4 笔记vGatt = 催：g 贸&经 | est exp. In 人历/ 关 |平40% 1948 4% 今 g贸|16 倍 400% |产出 rich| 不发| So: 132 员 32 兴例5 原文v我们建设中国特色社会主义，就是遵循改革开放这一当代中国开展的必由之路，经过假设干代人的持续奋斗，把我国建设成为富强，民主，文明的社会主义现代化国家。摆脱贫穷落后，使祖国早日实现繁荣兴盛，是全中国人民和整个中华民族梦寐以求的共同愿望。中国是一个有着五千年文明史和11亿以上人口的东方大国。中国的振兴和富强，不仅是中国人民，中华民族的幸福，也是为人类文明作出更大奉献。中国的稳定与开展离不开世界的和平与开展，世界的和平与开展也离不开中国的稳定与开展。这已经为越来越多的人们所共识。例5 笔记v建 特 S-ism 改开路 几代人 富，民，文明 S-ism mod./ 脱贫 早昌 国 族 共同 w/ Ch 5000 1.1 b/ Ch 兴 富 国 族 hap 人 文 贡/ Ch sta &dev. x w p&dev./ m & m 共识/
