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1、辅助生殖医学词汇表CallieAdhesion - Scar tissue from previous injuries, infections, or endometriosis that forms in and around reproductive organs, possibly interfering with reproductive capability.粘连Agglutination of Sperm - Sticking together of sperm, often due to infection, inflammation ,or an
2、tibodies, which impairs the ability to fertilize an egg.精子凝集AID (Artificial insemination donor) - procedure introducing sperm from an anonymous donor into the womans uterus in order to achieve a pregnancy.供精人工授精AIH(Artificial insemination hudband) - procedure introduc
3、ing sperm from the husband into the wifes uterus in order to achieve a pregnancy. Also called as IUI夫精人工授精Amenorrhea - Absence of menstruation.闭经Anovulation - Total absence of ovulation. Note: This is not necessarily the same as "amenorrhea." Menstruation may sti
4、ll occur with anovulation.不排卵Andrology Science of diseases of males, including infertility, spermatogenesis and sexual dysfunction.男科学Antisperm Antibodies - Protective protein that exists naturally, or may develop, that causes clumping of sperm, thus preventing or inhibiting fertilization
5、.抗精子抗体Aspermia - Absence of semen and sperm.射精障碍Assisted reproductive technology（ART）辅助生殖技术Assisted Hatching（AH） Mechanical or chemical manipulation of the zona pellucida to facilitate implantation of the embryo辅助孵化Asthenospermia - Condition in which the sperm do not swim (move) at a
6、ll or swim more slowly than normal.精子活力低下Autologous cycle - an ART treatment cycle in which a woman intends to use, or uses her own oocytes or embryos. GIFT cycles are classified separately from autologous cycles.自体移植周期Azoospermia - Condition in which there are no sperm in the seminal fluid. Th
7、is may be due to a blockage of transport of sperm or to an impairment of sperm production.无精症Basal Body Temperature (BBT) - Temperature of the woman, taken orally upon waking in the morning before any activity. Used to help determine if ovulation is occurring.基础体温Biochemical pregnancy (preclini
8、cal spontaneous abortion/miscarriage): a pregnancy diagnosed only by the detection of hCG in serum or urine and that does not develop into a clinical pregnancy.生化妊娠Blastocyst The final stage of the embryo at the time of implantation. Now, many laboratories will offer culturing the embryo upto
9、the blastocy st stage and transfer it in the uterus at this stage to improve pregnancy rates.囊胚Canceled cycle: an ART cycle in which ovarian stimulation or monitoring has been carried out with the intention to treat, but which did not proceed to follicular aspiration or, in the case of a thawed embr
10、yo, to embryo transfer.取消周期Cervical Mucus - Mucus produced by the cervix which permits passage of sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes. This mucus changes in volume and quality at the time of ovulation.宫颈粘液Cervix - Lower section of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina, through whic
11、h the sperm pass to reach the uterus. 子宫颈Cleavage stage embryo - an embryo comprising about 8 cells usually developed by 2 or 3 days after fertilization卵裂期胚胎Clinical pregnancy: a pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs or denitive clinical signs of pregn
12、ancy. It includes ectopic pregnancy. 临床妊娠（率）Clinical pregnancy rateConception - Fertilization of a woman's egg by a man's sperm.怀孕，妊娠Congenital - Characteristic of defect present at birth, acquired during pregnancy but not necessarily hereditary.先天的Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia -&
13、#160;Condition that one is born with due to the lack of an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland. Normal products of the adrenal gland, therefore, are not produced; the body tries to stimulate the gland, and it enlarges (hyperplasia).先天肾上腺增生Congenital anomalies: all structural, functional, and genetic
14、anomalies diagnosed in aborted fetuses, at birth, or in the neonatal period.先天异常Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（COH） - medical treatment to induce the development of multiple ovarian follicles in order to obtain multiple oocytes at oocyte pick-up (OPU 取卵)控制性超排卵 Controlled ovarian stimulation (CO
15、S) 控制性促排卵Cryopreservation The preservaton of sperm or embryos by freezing, usually by immersion in liquid nitrogen冷冻保存Cryptorchidism - Occurs when a testes is not in its normal position in the scrotum. It may be in the groin or abdomen.隐睾症Delivery - a birth event in which one or more babi
16、es of 20 weeks or more gestation or of 400 grams or more birthweight are born.分娩 Delivery rate 分娩率DI (donor insemination) cycle: an artificial insemination cycle in which sperm not from the womans partner (donor sperm) is used.供精周期Discontinued cycle: an ART cycle that does not proceed to oocyte pick
17、-up (OPU) or embryo transfer.取消周期Donation cycle: an ART treatment cycle where a woman intends to donate, or donates her oocytes to others. A donation cycle may result in the donation of either oocytes or embryos to a recipient woman. The use of donor sperm does not alter the donor status of the cycl
18、e.捐赠周期（供卵周期或供精周期）Dysmenorrhea - Cramping and pain during the time of menstruation.痛经Early neonatal death: death of a live born baby within 7 days of birth.早期新生儿死亡Ectopic Pregnancy pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian
19、tubes.宫外孕Egg (Oocyte) Donation - Surgical removal of an egg from one woman for fertilization with partner's or donor's sperm. The resulting embryo is then transferred into the fallopian tube or uterus of another woman.卵子捐赠Embryo - Term used to describe the early stages of fetal gro
20、wth, from conception to the eighth week of pregnancy.胚胎Embryo/fetus reduction: a procedure to reduce the number of viable embryos or fetuses in a multiple pregnancy.减胎术Embryo transfer（ET）: a procedure whereby embryo(s) are placed in the uterus or fallopian tube. The embryo(s) can be fresh or thawed
21、following cryopreservation, and may include the transfer of cleavage stage embryos or blastocysts.胚胎移植Embryo transfer cycle: an ART cycle in which one or more embryos are transferred into the uterus or fallopian tube.胚胎移植周期Endocrine System - System of glands including the hypothalamus, pituitar
22、y, thyroid, adrenals and testicles or ovaries.内分泌系统Endometriosis - Presence of endometrial tissue (the normal uterine lining) in abnormal locations such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries and peritoneal cavity, often causing painful menstruation and infertility.子宫内膜异位Ejaculate - Sperm combine
23、s with fluid from the seminal vesicle and a thick secretion from the prostate gland. This fluid is discharged through the penis.射精Endometrium - Lining of the uterus.子宫内膜Epididymis - Elongated organ in the male lying above and behind the testicles. It contains a highly convoluted canal, whe
24、re after production, sperm are stored, nourished and developed for several months.附睾Estrogen - Class of female hormones, produced mainly by the ovaries from the onset of puberty until menopause, which are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts.雌激素Ex
25、tremely low birth weight: birth weight less than 1,000 g.极低体重儿Extremely preterm birth: a live birth or stillbirth that takes place after 20 but before 28 completed weeks of gestational age.极早产Fallopian Tubes - Pair of narrow tubes that carry the ovum (egg) from the ovary to the uterus.输卵管Fetus:
26、 the product of fertilization from completion of embryonic development, at 8 completed weeks after fertilization, until abortion or birth.胎儿Fetal death (stillbirth): the birth of an infant after 20 or more weeks gestation or 400 grams or more birthweight that shows no signs of life.死产Fertilization -
27、 Penetration of the egg by the sperm and joining of genetic materials to result in the development of an embryo.受精Fresh cycle: an ART treatment cycle that intends to use, or uses embryo(s) that have not been cryopreserved (frozen).新鲜周期Frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle (FET): an ART procedure
28、in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention of transfering frozen-thawed embryo(s). Note: An FET cycle is initiated when specic medication is provided or cycle monitoring is started with the intention to treat.冷冻胚胎移植周期（FET）Frozen-thawed oocyte cycle: an ART procedure in which cycle m
29、onitoring is carried out with the intention of fertilizing thawed oocytes and performing embryo transfer.冷冻卵子周期Follicle - Structure in the ovary that nurtures the developing egg and from which the egg is released.卵泡Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Hormone produced in the anterior pitui
30、tary gland that stimulates the ovary to develop a follicle for ovulation in women, and stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles in men.促卵泡素Follicular Phase - First half of the menstrual cycle when ovarian follicle development takes place and the egg matures.卵泡期Full-term birth: a live
31、 birth or stillbirth that takes place between 37 and 42 completed weeks of gestational age.足月顺产Gamete - Male or female reproductive cells-the sperm or the egg.配子Gestational age: the completed weeks of gestation of the fetus.胎龄Gestational sac: a uid-lled structure associated with early pregnancy
32、, which may be located inside or outside the uterus (in case of an ectopic pregnancy).孕囊GIFT Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer ( transferring of the egg and sperm in the normal fallopian tube to facilitate fertilization)配子输卵管内转移：基本不做了Gonads - Glands that make the gametes (the testicles in t
33、he male and the ovaries in the female).性腺Gonadotropin a hormone which stimulates the gonads促性腺激素GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone, a hormone produced by the hypothalamus which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH. They are two types of analogues of the hormone, agonist
34、(one which acts like the hormone) and antagonist (one which blocks the effect of the hormone)促性腺激素释放激素Hatching: the process by which an embryo at the blastocyst stage separates from the zona pellucida.孵化Heterotopic pregnancy: a double gestation pregnancy in which implantation takes place both inside
35、 and outside the uterine cavity.异位妊娠High-ordermultiple: a pregnancy or delivery with three or more fetuses or neonates.多胎HMG Human menopausal gonadotropin, used to stimulate the ovaries. It contains FSH and LH in equal parts人绝经期促性腺激素HCG Human chorionc gonadotropin, a hormone normally pro
36、duced by the placenta and its presence in blood or urine is used to detect pregnancy. It is also used to trigger final maturation of the egg人绒毛膜促性腺激素Hormone - Chemical produced by the endocrine gland that circulates in the blood and has widespread action throughout the body.激素Hypogonadism
37、- Inadequate ovarian or testicular function as shown by low sperm production or lack of follicle production, as well as in low or absent levels of FSH, LH.性腺机能减退Hypothalamus - Gland at the base of the brain that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary.丘脑下部Hysteroscopy an
38、endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the uterus. The endoscope is a fibre optic telescope and can be used for diagnosis as well as for certain surgical procedures can also be carried out through the hysterocope.宫腔镜检查Idiopathic (Unexplained) Infertility - Term used to describe
39、infertility when no reason can be found to explain the cause of a couple's infertility.不明原因不孕不育Implantation - Embedding of the fertilized egg in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).种植 Implantation rate 种植率Impotence - Inability of the male to achieve or maintain an erection for inter
40、course due to physical or emotional problems or to a combination of factors.阳萎IUI Intra Uterine Insemination ( transfer of washed and enriched sperm directly in the cavity of the uterus)宫腔内人工授精ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection): a procedure whereby a single sperm is injected directly into
41、 the oocyte to aid fertilisation. If an embryo transfer cycle involves the transfer of at least one embryo created using ICSI, it is counted as an ICSI cycle. 卵胞浆内单精子注射IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) a process where fertilization of the sperm and the egg occurs outside the body, (in a
42、laboratory). The resulting embryo is implanted in the womans uterus.体外受精Induced abortion人工流产Infertility (clinical denition): a disease of the reproductive system dened by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.不孕不育Initiated cycle
43、: an ART cycle in which the woman receives specic medication for ovarian stimulation, or monitoring in the case of natural cycles, with the intention to treat, irrespective of whether or not follicular aspiration is attempted.启动周期Laparoscopy an abdominal surgical procedure using an endoscopic&
44、#160; (fibre optic telescope) equipment to visualize the interior of the abdomen, mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes ovaries and other organs. The laparoscope may also be used to perform surgical procedures, with the use of other specialized equipment.腹腔镜检查Live birth活产 Live bir
45、th rate 活产率Live delivery: a live delivery is the delivery of one or more liveborn infants, with the birth of twins, triplets or more counted as one live delivery.活胎分娩Low birth weight: a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams.低出生体重LH Luteinizing hormone, produced and released by the pituitary gl
46、and, and is responsible for the maturation and release of the egg in female and testosterone production in the male.黄体生成素（促黄体素）Luteal Phase - Days of the menstrual cycle after ovulation and ending with menses during which progesterone is produced.黄体期Luteinized Unruptured Follicle (LUF) Syndrome
47、 - Clinical indications that ovulation has occurred (blood hormonal changes, temperature rise on the BBT chart, appropriate secreting endometrium found on endometrial biopsy) but the egg is not released from the ovary; the follicular sac is unruptured and the egg is trapped.黄素化综合症Menstruation -
48、 Shedding of the uterine lining by bleeding that, in the absence of pregnancy, normally occurs about once a month in the mature female.月经MESA Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration显微附睾精子穿刺MESE: microsurgical epididymal sperm extraction.显微附睾取精术Micromanipulation: a technology that allows micro
49、-operative procedures to be performed on the spermatozoon, oocyte, zygote, or embryo.显微操作MicroTESE: Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction.显微睾丸取精术Missed abortion: a clinical abortion where the embryo(s) or fetus(es) is/are nonviable and is/are not expelled spontaneously from the uterus.稽留流产Multip
50、le gestation/birth: a pregnancy/delivery with more than one fetus/neonate.多胎分娩Myomectomy - Surgical removal of a tumor (myoma) in the uterine muscular wall.子宫肌瘤切除术Natural cycle IVF: an IVF procedure in which one or more oocytes are collected from the ovaries during a spontaneous menstrual cycle
51、 without any drug use.自然周期IVFNecrospermia - Condition in which sperm are produced and found in the semen but are not alive and are unable to fertilize eggs.死精症Neonatal period: the time interval that commences at birth and ends 28 completed days after birth.新生儿期Oligo-ovulation - Infrequent
52、ovulation, usually less than six ovulatory cycles per year.排卵少Oligospermia - Abnormally low number of sperm in the ejaculate of the male.少精症Oocyte (egg): a female reproductive cell.卵子，卵母细胞OPU (oocyte pick-up): the procedure to collect oocytes from ovaries, usually by ultrasound-guided transvagi
53、nal aspiration and rarely by laparoscopic surgery.取卵术Ovarian Failure （OF） - Inability of the ovary to respond to any gonodotropic hormone stimulation, usually due to menopause.卵巢早衰OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome): the complication of ovulation stimulation therapy, which involves th
54、e administration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OHSS symptoms include abdominal pain and fluid retention.卵巢过度刺激综合症Ovaries - Sexual glands of the female that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and in which the ova are developed. There are two ovaries, one on each side of the
55、pelvis.卵巢Ovarian torsion: partial or complete rotation of the ovarian vascular pedicle that causes obstruction to ovarian blood ow, potentially leading to necrosis of ovarian tissue.卵巢扭转Ovulation - Discharge of a mature egg, usually at about the midpoint of the menstrual cycle.排卵Ovulation induc
56、tion (OI): pharmacologic treatment of women with anovulation or oligo-ovulation with the intention of inducing normal ovulatory cycles.促排卵Ovulatory Dysfunction - Problem existing in the ovary-either the egg is not released from the ovarian follicle or the process of egg development is abnormal.
57、排卵功能障碍Parity: a classification of a woman in terms of the number of previous pregnancies experienced that reached 20 weeks or more gestation.产次Parous: refers to a woman who has had at least one previous pregnancy of 20 weeks or more gestation.经产的Perinatal death: a fetal death (stillbirth) or neonata
58、l death of at least 20 weeks gestation or at least 400 grams birthweight.围产儿死亡Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, often caused by infection or endometriosis.盆腔炎PESA Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration经皮附睾精子穿刺Pituitary - Gland located at the ba
59、se of the human brain that secretes a number of important hormones related to normal growth development and fertility.脑垂体Polycystic Ovarian (PCO) Syndrome - Development of multiple cysts in the ovaries due to arrested follicle growth. This is caused by an imbalance in the amount of LH and FSH r
60、eleased during the ovulatory cycle.多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）Postcoital Testing (PCT) - Diagnostic test for infertility in which vaginal and cervical secretions are obtained at the time of suspected ovulation and following intercourse. These secretions are analyzed under a microscope. Normal test results sh
61、ould show large numbers of live, motile sperm and a characteristic "ferning" pattern of cervical mucus.性交后试验PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis): a procedure where embryonic cells are removed and screened for chromosomal disorders or genetic diseases before embryo transfer.胚胎植入前遗传学诊断PGS
62、 (preimplantation genetic screening) : analysis of polar bodies, blastomeres, or trophectodermfromoocytes, zygotes, or embryos for the detection of aneuploidy, mutation, and/or DNA rearrangement.胚胎植入前遗传学筛查Preterm: a gestation of less than 37 weeks.早产Primary Infertility - Inability to conceive a
63、fter one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (after 6 months if the woman is over age 35) for a couple who has never had a baby.原发不孕Progesterone - Hormone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary after ovulation has occurred. It is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Also
64、 maintains the placenta during early pregnancy to prevent the embryo from miscarriage.孕酮Prostate - Gland in the male that surrounds the first portion of the urethra near the bladder. It secretes a liquid that balances acid in the urethra and stimulates movement of the sperm.前列腺Recipient cycle:
65、an ART treatment cycle in which a woman receives oocytes or embryos from another woman.受赠周期Recurrent spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: the spontaneous loss of two or more clinical pregnancies.反复流产Retrograde Ejaculation - Discharge of sperm backward into the bladder rather than forward through t
66、he penis.逆行射精Retroverted Uterus - Uterus that is flexed severely forward or backward.子宫后倾Salpingolysis - Surgery to remove adhesions on the fallopian tubes.输卵管粘连分离术Salpingoplasty - Surgery to correct blocked fallopian tubes.输卵管复通术Scrotum - Bag of skin and thin muscle that holds the testicles.阴囊Secondary Infertility - Inability to conceive after 6 months of regular unprotected intercourse, or carry a
