英语国家概况Chapter 3

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1、英语国家概况英语国家概况The United The United Kingdom of Great Kingdom of Great Britain and Britain and Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritain and Northern Ireland Political Parties ConstitutionGovernment Election The Commonwe

2、althIIIIIIIVVCONTENT ConstitutionIvGreat Britain (UK) is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch vking or queen : the head of state, symbolic power vBritish Constitution is made up of: Statutory Law (成文法，制定法成文法，制定法) Common Law (判例法，普通法判例法，普通法) Conventions (习惯法，衡平法习惯法，衡平法) Constitutio

3、nI v1.1 Statutory Lawpassed by Parliamentexample the Magna Carta (1215) the Bill of Rights (1689) the Reform Act (1832) the European Communities Act (1972) the European Communities (Amendment) Act (1986) Constitution v1.2 Common law deduced from custom or legal precedents and interpreted in court ca

4、ses by judgesv1.3 Conventions rules and practices which do not exist legally, but are regarded as vital to the working of government 1. Constitution vDivision of power vLegislature 立法机关立法机关vExecutive 行政部门行政部门vJudiciary 司法部门司法部门 1. Constitution GovernmentII 2.1 The Legislature 2.2 The Executive 2.3 T

5、he Judiciary 2.1 The LegislatureBasic Structure of UK Central GovernmentMonarch(non-political)LegislatureParliamentExecutive Judiciary (non-political)House of Commons (political)House of Lords(semi-political)Prime Minister & Cabinet (political)Ministers & Civil service(non-political) House o

6、f LordsCourt of Appeal 2.1.1 Parliament vParliamentthe law-making body of Britain one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议院), the House of Commons (下议院) vQueen Elizabeth IIBorn: April 21, 1926Quee

7、n since June 2, 1953 vQueen Elizabeth II is a “constitutional monarch” Although she is officially the head of state, the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister.2.1.2 Queen Queen Elizabeth II2.1.2 Queen Buckingham Palace 2.1.2 Queen In reality, her role is “ceremonial

8、, unpolitical and symbolic”:vState opening of the ParliamentvRoyal assent to new lawvMeeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham PalacevPay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government2.1.2 Queen 2.1.3 The House of Lords

9、 vThe Lords Spiritual (上议院神职议员上议院神职议员) v(archbishops and prominent bishops of the Church of England) vThe Lords Temporal (上议院世俗议员上议院世俗议员) (hereditary peers and life peers and the Law Lords) 2.1.3 The House of LordsvThe main legislative function of the House of Lords:v Examine and revise bills from t

10、he House of CommonsThe House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster vThe Upper House ReformsReduce the number of seats from 705 to 666 (Mar. 1, 2004)Final court of appealSupreme Court2.1.3 The House of Lords 2.1.4 The House of Commons vCenter of parliamentary pow

11、ervThree major functionsto pass laws, bills and acts of Parliamentto scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government to influence the future government policy v646 Members of Parliament, known as “MPs” for short, who represent the 646 geographical areas2.1.4 The House of Commons Gov