Unit_2_Fruitful_Questions

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1、Unit 2Fruitful QuestionsFruitful Questions Unit 2Unit 2 Fruitful QuestionsWarm-up Questions1Background Information2New words and Phrases3Text Analysis4Exercises 5 Information Related to the Text James Socllisch-American freelance writer 詹姆斯詹姆斯 索里斯克：索里斯克： 美国自由作家美国自由作家Sesame Street Sesame Street An Am

2、erican long running childrens television show that combines education with entertainment. One of the games played on the show is the “What Doesnt Belong” game. It is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop, and broadcasted on November 10, 1969 on the National Educational Television network.

3、 Copernicus(1473-1543) Polish astronomer. Founder of modern astronomy. He brought up the theory the sun, and not the earth, is the center of the solar system, and the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, which completely changed the way universe was viewed. Hagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus Re

4、uben Mattus (1913-1994) He worked in his mothers ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream in the streets of the Bronx, New York. The family had many popular products, but Reuben wanted to make one truly standing out among the rest. In 1959, the ice cream he was working on for a decade was

5、ready for market. He called it Hagen-Dazs. In 1976, Mr. Mattus daughter Doris opened the first Hagen-Dazs shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Hagen-Dazs shops across the country. Eduwar Jenner(1749-1823)爱德华爱德华 詹纳詹纳 : British physician. His invention of v

6、accination against smallpox was an immense medical breakthrough and has saved countless lives. Thomas Kuhn(1922-1996)托马斯库恩托马斯库恩: influential American philosopher of science. His The Structure of Scientific Revolution is one of the most cited academic books of all time. the information highway: the w

7、orld wide computer network that includes the Internet. It permits the rapid sending of many different forms of data, including voice, video and text. 信息高速公路：信息高速公路： paradigm(范式范式)： the usual way of thinking about something paradigm shifts: (范式转移范式转移/ 范式变化范式变化) a major change in the usual way of thin

8、king about something 范式的概念和理论是美国著名科学哲学家托马斯范式的概念和理论是美国著名科学哲学家托马斯库恩提出并在库恩提出并在科学革命的结构（科学革命的结构（1962）中系统阐述的。）中系统阐述的。 指常规科学所赖以运作的理论基础和实践规范，是从事某一科学指常规科学所赖以运作的理论基础和实践规范，是从事某一科学的研究者群体所共同遵从的世界观和行为方式的研究者群体所共同遵从的世界观和行为方式 一个稳定的范式如果不能提供解决问题的适当方式，它就会变弱一个稳定的范式如果不能提供解决问题的适当方式，它就会变弱，从而出现范式转移，从而出现范式转移(Paradigm Shift)。

9、按照库恩的定义，范式转。按照库恩的定义，范式转移就是新的概念传统，是对某一知识和活动领域采取全新的和变移就是新的概念传统，是对某一知识和活动领域采取全新的和变化了的视角，是对长期形成的思维习惯、价值观的改变和转移化了的视角，是对长期形成的思维习惯、价值观的改变和转移 limitation of linear thinking直线思维的局限直线思维的局限 linear thinking:the traditional logical approach to problem solving. 直线思维：直线思维：指传统的解决问题的逻辑方法。指传统的解决问题的逻辑方法。 线性思维通常和水平思维相对。

10、有的人，认为这种方法线性思维通常和水平思维相对。有的人，认为这种方法有局限性，需要水平思维加以补充。水平思维即利用更有局限性，需要水平思维加以补充。水平思维即利用更多的非传统和创新的手段解决问题。多的非传统和创新的手段解决问题。 refocus parameters: 重新瞄准各种限定性因素重新瞄准各种限定性因素 looking at things that were previously ignored 审视以前被忽略的因素审视以前被忽略的因素I. New Words：A) word building1. n. ment , -sion ,-ation ,-tion ,- ence ,-an

11、ce / -er , or, -arExcitement, verson , vaccination ,evolution ,difference, importance ,Parameter, clamor, beggar2.Compound word Strawberry, workbook, ever-growing, downshift3.adj. ful ,- tive , -able, -ible ,-al,Fruitful , preventive, notable, impossible, nationalB) usage1. fruitful: producing good