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1、过去分词做宾语补足语过去分词做宾语补足语 英语中有些动词，除了有一个英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子才完整。过去分补足语，句子才完整。过去分词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它对宾补作进一步的补充说明。对宾补作进一步的补充说明。We think him clever.What he said made me angry.They consider the answer correct.Everyone calls him Tom.宾语宾语 宾补宾补带有宾语补足语的一般句
2、型为：带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词某些及物动词 +直接宾语直接宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语 His father named him Daming. They painted their house white. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room. 5. We saw her entering the room. ( (名词名词) )( (动词不定式动词不定式) )( (现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语) )( (形容词形容词) )( (省略省略t
3、oto的动词不定式的动词不定式) )哪些可以做宾补？哪些可以做宾补？5. We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6. We take English as a useful tool for research work.7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work. 8. Let the fresh air in.9. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will. ( (过去分词过去分词) )( (用用as引出引出
4、) )( (介词短语介词短语) )(副词副词)( (从句从句) )作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1. 及物动词及物动词(短语短语)的过去分词用作宾语的过去分词用作宾语补足语时补足语时, 宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语语, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。被动关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。我想把这封信寄出去。2. 少数不及物动词如少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的等的 过去分词作宾语补足语时过去分词作宾语补足语时, 仅表
5、示动作完成。仅表示动作完成。 因此因此, 宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上 的被动关系。的被动关系。She found her ring gone on her way home. 在回家的路上在回家的路上, 她发现项链不见了。她发现项链不见了。3. 动词动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义, 因此因此, 虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系, 但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。如
6、如: When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时我进来时, 发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。过去分词作过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语三种情况三种情况一一,使役动词使役动词get, have, make, keep, leave 等后等后, 可用过去分词做宾语补足语可用过去分词做宾语补足语, 表：表： “致使某人或某事被致使某人或某事被”We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad too
7、th pulled out at the dentists.I had my hair _yesterday. cut The house is broken. Please get the house _ (mend) now.mendedI saw they _ in the rain. caught Xiao Xin found all his money _(steal) on his way home.stolenunfinishedMy mother never allow me to play computer games with my homework _.（finish）I
8、 had my recorder repaired. (I asked somebody else to repair it.)I had the room cleaned.(I organized it.)He had his foot injured.(something bad happened.) Had+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词作宾补的用法作宾补的用法 “使役动词使役动词 havehave + + 宾语宾语过去分词过去分词”的几种含义的几种含义Note1 1. 意为意为“主语请别人做某事主语请别人做某事”。例如：。例如： He wants to have his eyes exam
9、ined tomorrow. 2. 意为意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 3. 意为意为“使完成某事使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成由主语参与完成 He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）He had his hair cut.He had his clothes washed.He had his
10、 room cleaned.He had his walls painted.He had his car repaired.hairclothesroomwallscarHe got his leg injured.He got his glasses broken.He got his camera damaged.He got his wallet stolen.二二. 感官动词感官动词feel, find, hear, notice, see,watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后, 表表: “感受到某人或某事被做感受到某人或某事被做”。I was s
11、leeping when I heard my name called. He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.Note 2 I saw him get off the bus.I saw him knocked down by a car.I saw him lying on the road just now.(to) do: 整个过程整个过程-ed:被动被动-ing:主动主动现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别现在分词、过去分词与不定式作补语的区别I saw him _.scoldscolded by his m
12、otherI saw _.bitehim bitten by a dogI saw _.robher robbed by a manFill in the blanks.I heard someone _me. I heard my name _. I found Tom _ the window.I found the window _.callingcalledbreakbrokenI had my watch repaired.I had my room cleaned.I had my foot injured.She found his hair cut.She found his
13、clothes washed. She found his room cleaned. have sth./sb. done find sth./sb doneHe got his leg injured.He got his camera damaged.He got his glasses broken. get sth./sb doneI saw him beaten by his mother.I saw him bitten by a dog.I saw him robbed by a man. see sth./sb. doneI made him punished. make s
14、th./sb. doneI watched him killed. watch sth./sb done三三. 表示表示“意欲意欲; 命令命令”的动词如的动词如: like, order, want,wish, 相当于过去分词短语前省略了相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be, 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”。I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his da
15、ughter taught the piano. 2. 看看 watch, notice, see, look at, observe catch 听听 hear, listen to 感感 feel 闻闻 smell 发现发现 find3. 情感情感 want, wish, like1. 使役使役 keep, leave, get, have, makesth./sb. done 四、区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语四、区分过去分词作宾语补足语与现在分词作宾语补足语一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的承受者；一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分
16、词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作的执行者。试比较：现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语是动作的执行者。试比较：E.g.: I found him lying on the grass just now. E.g.: I found him knocked down by a car. E.g.: I cant put my heart into study with so much noise going on . E.g.: With the problem settled, he felt quite relaxed.五、过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别五、过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别一一般地
17、，过去分词作宾补时，分词与宾语之间为动宾关系；般地，过去分词作宾补时，分词与宾语之间为动宾关系；现在分词作宾补时，分词与宾补之间为主谓关系。现在分词作宾补时，分词与宾补之间为主谓关系。1) Being poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. understand B. to understand C. understandingD. understood D 2) I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A. repair; t
18、o repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing C3) You must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done D 4) _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _ . A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; stolen C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having ent
19、ered; to be stolen B 5) We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly. A. settled B. having been settled C. be settled D. settling settle 解决解决A 4. 有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态语态, 这时过去分词改这时过去分词改作主语补足语作主语补足语, 说明主语所处的状态。说明主语所处的状态。The door was found broken.Her bag was found stolen when she woke up.
20、5.“with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中结构中, 过去分词过去分词用作介词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (表方式表方式)With water heated, we can see the steam. (表条件表条件) With the matter settled, we all went home.(表原因表原因) 注意：注意：在这一
21、结构中在这一结构中, 当宾语为某一身体部位当宾语为某一身体部位, 且作且作宾补的动词是及物动词时宾补的动词是及物动词时, 身体部位通常是身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语过去分词的逻辑宾语, 因而过去分词不可换用因而过去分词不可换用现在分词现在分词。 She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前她站在他面前, 眼睛注视着他。眼睛注视着他。 (fix ones eyes on 为固定短语为固定短语)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着
22、手站了一会儿。他仍然举着手站了一会儿。当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时的宾补时, 用现在分词的形式。用现在分词的形式。 She felt her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。她觉得心跳很快。 (beat 意为意为“心跳心跳”, 是不及物动词是不及物动词)省略省略to的情况：的情况：1) 情态动词情态动词 (除除ought 外外, ought to);2) 使役动词使役动词 let, have, make;3) 感官动词感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear,
23、listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补等后作宾补, 省略省略to。注意注意: 在被动语态中则在被动语态中则to不能省掉。不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. Note 3 Exercise:2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had had_ went wron
24、g again.A. it B. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repairedC 3. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled4. With trees, flowers and grass _ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look. A. planting B
25、. planted C. to plant D. to be plantedA B 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A.take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be knownC B 7. I can make you _ what I say, bu
26、tyou cant make yourself _ in English.A. understand; understandB. understand, understoodC. to understand, understandD. understand; to be understoodB 8. He found them _ at a table_A. sat; to play chessB. sitting; to play chessC. seated; playing chessD. seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry
27、, _the door _.A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving;unlockingC. left, unlocked D. to leave;unlockingC A 11. I could feel the wind _ on my face from an open window. A. to blow B. blowing C. to be blowing D. blownB 12. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make hers
28、elf hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard.D13. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry14. It is wise to have some money _ for old age. A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid upAA15. -I cant see the words on the blackboard. -Perhaps you need _. A. to have your eyes examined B. to examine your eye C. to have examined your eyes D. your eyes to be examined16. They woke up, finding everything around _. A. changing B. change C. changed D. to changeA C
