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1、TOEFL词汇题精选440题80 / 80文档可自由编辑打印001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of fol
2、lowing?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word &quo
3、t;prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken （追上 赶
4、上）by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surpassed 超过 优于(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal
5、 glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods005. The incre
6、asing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in me
7、aning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and se
8、t in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collecti
9、ve（集体的 共同的 共有的）well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a se
10、rious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was
11、 first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons
12、 of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses. The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asph
13、alt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed（隐藏） by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered 有遮盖物的(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocea
14、n bottom - a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible（达不到的）, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.The
15、word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting（萃取 提取 提炼
16、） samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing 消除 排除 除去(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all e
17、arth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance015. For every three Canadians in
18、1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prair
19、ies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families. The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of
20、 following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C
21、) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of
22、the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding在先的 在前的 前面的019. Advocates of organic foods - a term whose meaning varies greatly - frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutriti
23、ous than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiated（未经证实的 没有事实根据的） reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally
24、 superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe
25、organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain&qu
26、ot; is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word "considerable&
27、quot; is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial 牢固的 充实的 实质上的(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment（演出 展现 规定 通过） of rites, religious leaders usually assume
28、d that task.The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024. Staggering（难以置信的 令人震惊的） tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldi
29、ers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers from both side
30、s had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated（毁灭性的） economy. The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted a
31、s pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost fro
32、m the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible fo
33、r the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electri
34、c trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost eve
35、ry major city sparked（导致 火花 火星） an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked"
36、is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about带来(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed
37、five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The
38、word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site（位置 场所 地点） was used by
39、large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awarene
40、ss of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of fol
41、lowing?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy（至高 无上 最高权力） they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words &
42、quot;a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance优势 支配地位 控制力(D) a development035. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfe
43、ction of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad（无数的） tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.The word "myriad" is cl
44、osest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large
45、stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festival
46、s, perform ritual dances, settle（安放 解决 决定 调停）pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify使清楚 澄清(D) locate038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding t
47、ableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing
48、 lively music to a solemn（严肃的） film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040. Certain films had music especially comp
49、osed（组成 构成 创作） for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) createdThe
50、 word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositions(D) groups of musiciansc 041. The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid
51、-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses ond 042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense（强
52、烈的 紧张的 认真的） deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme尽头的 极端的 极限a 043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of ea
53、ch plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distancesd 044. If at such a spreading contact the two p
54、lates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create
55、(C) reduce(D) holdd 045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation（欣赏 评定 判断） of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.The word "a
56、ppreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgivenessd 046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in t
57、he way of truly examining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047. The prevailing（占优势的 主要的 流行的 普遍的） winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward
58、as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous048. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated（堆积） in these basins. T
59、he rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times.The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) co
60、llected(D) evaporated蒸发049. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre（奇形怪状的） animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but
61、can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) odd奇怪的 古怪的(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all
62、its internal organs into the water. It also casts off（摆脱 抛弃） attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The
63、phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous（同性质的 同类的） in custom and race, with a strong family or c
64、lan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform相同的 一律的 制服 (B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps
65、the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces（宣布放弃） the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects(B) greatly m
66、odifies(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes053. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails（劝说 诱使 获胜 占优势 盛行 流行）. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".The word "prevails" is cl
