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1、太平洋充满了奇迹和神秘The Pacific Ocean is full of wonder and mystery.海边同时出现大量的游泳者Synchronised swimmers that appear out of the blue还有独一无二的航海家and a navigator like no other.拯救古老生命的竞赛A race to save ancient life.还有死而复生的生命And life that comes back from the dead.神秘的代表Mystifying masterpieces.及其吸引力And their magnetic ap
2、peal.在这里 我们找到了未解之谜Here we find unanswered questions和未发现的宝藏and undiscovered treasures.这是一次探索海洋之谜的旅程This is a journey to plumb the ocean's riddles.一亿六千六百万平方公里166 million square kilometres.三分之一地球One third of our planet.地球上最大的海洋The biggest ocean on Earth.等待解密.with secrets to fathom.大太平洋神秘性奥斯蒂欧娜 哥斯达黎
3、加九月在哥斯达黎加的奥斯蒂欧娜海滨September on Ostional Beach in Costa Rica.大自然日历上最壮观的时刻开始了And one of the grandest moments in nature's calendar begins.阿里巴达现象 海龟筑巢潮.the arribada, a turtle-nesting tide.在接下来的十天里Over the next 10 days,将有五十万只丽龟抵达海滩up to half a million olive ridley sea turtles will arrive.都是雌性丽龟All fem
4、ales.体长只有六十五厘米At just over 65cm long,是世界上体型最小they're the smallest of the world's sea turtles数量最多的海龟but the most abundant.有些丽龟可能穿越半个太平洋来到这里Some may have crossed half the Pacific to get here.返回出生地It's a homecoming.和其他海龟一样 这只年轻雌性丽龟出生在这片海滩Like all the others, this young female hatched on thi
5、s beach.出生之后 一直生活在海上But ever since, she's been at sea.十二年来 这是第一次离开海面上岸In 12 years, this is the first time she's left the water.海龟如何再次找到这个海滩How she found this beach again为何这些海龟能同步到达这里and arrived in sync with her sisters目前还不完全了解is not fully understood.几千公里的旅程The journey of thousands of kilomet
6、res在几米外结束ends a few metres away.在涨潮上面的干沙上.in the dry sand above the high tide.挖三十到六十厘米深的洞来保护卵She must dig a hole to protect the eggs, 30-60cm deep.过程需要三个小时It can take up to three hours丽龟爬上海滩for an olive ridley to travel up the beach产完卵 回到海里to lay her eggs and retreat.雌龟会在海上交♥配♥
7、一次She will have mated just offshore a single time并把精♥子♥储存在体内and stored the male's sperm within her以供整个繁殖季节使用for use throughout the nesting season.今年足以参加三次阿里巴达现象Enough for her to join three arribadas this year产下三窝卵and lay three clutches of eggs.每窝至少有一百个卵At least a hundred eg
8、gs per nest.并不是所有的卵都能孵化But not all will survive.美洲黑秃鹫和野狗American black vultures and feral dogs都在享用新鲜的龟卵all feast on fresh olive ridley eggs.自然因素造成了这些损失But nature factors in the losses.在整个繁殖季节Across a breeding season,这片海滩容纳多达一百万个巢穴this single beach will harbour up to a million nests.总共有一亿个丽龟蛋Up to 10
9、0 million eggs in all.以巨大的数量Overwhelming the threats to survival压倒了生存的威胁with sheer weight of numbers.这叫做淹没捕食者It's called predator swamping.在同时的筑巢Between the simultaneous nesting,大量的巢以及大量的蛋the abundance of nests and the glut of eggs,足够后代生存下来继续繁衍enough young will survive to carry on the species.海龟
10、如何在大太平洋上航行仍是个谜How the sea turtles navigate the big Pacific is a mystery.对于我们 海洋是无边的蓝色To us, the ocean seems a mapless blue.对于海洋居民 到处都是高速公路和路标But to its inhabitants, it's full of highways and signposts.甚至有自己的全球定位系统They even seem to have their own GPS.哥伦比亚马尔佩洛岛Malpelo Island, Colombia.一座前火山喷发于三千六百
11、米海洋深处A former volcano erupting over 3,600m from the deep.像海洋中的其他山峰一样Like other pinnacles amid the ocean,吸引了一大群不同寻常的鲨鱼it attracts an unusually large crowd of sharks.双髻鲨Hammerheads.丝鲨.Silky sharks.鲸鲨.whale sharks.其中一些来自几千公里之外Some of them drawn from thousands of kilometres away.这些鲨鱼会聚集几天 几周 甚至几个月They c
12、ongregate for days, weeks, even months.为什么But why?一些科学家怀疑Some scientists suspect这个岛是个大本营that the island serves as a base camp.每天晚上鲨鱼都会去深海区打猎Each night they leave to hunt in deeper water.然后返回绕岛滑行.then return to circle the island,顺着扫过的洋流滑行gliding on the currents that sweep past.另一个谜团是The other mystery
13、 is鲨鱼是如何来这里的how do they find their way here?关键可能The answer may lie在地质学和生物学的联♥系♥at the crossroads of geology and biology.鲨鱼媲美任何物理实验室Sharks rival any physics laboratory可以感应到微小电效应for sensing tiny electrical effects微弱到十亿分之一伏特as weak as one billionth of a volt.不管海豚或蜜蜂 都有同样的特征Animals
14、 from dolphins to bees share the same trait.双髻鲨宽大的鼻子里These hammerheads' broad noses有可以感知电场的特殊器官hold special organs that can sense electrical fields.比如捕捉猎物微弱的电♥信♥♥号♥♥.like the faint electrical signatures of their prey.赤魟和其他鱼藏在沙子下面Stingrays an
15、d other fish hidden beneath the sand.每一次肌肉抽动 每一次心脏跳动With every twitch of a muscle, with every beat of its heart,猎物都会释放出一种鲨鱼能够探测到的电荷the prey emits an electrical charge the sharks can detect.同样 地球也有强大的磁场Likewise, the earth has a powerful magnetic field在地球表面从一极传到另一极that travels across the surface from
16、pole to pole.研究鲨鱼迁徙的科学家Scientists who study shark migration怀疑鲨鱼可以探测到地球磁场suspect they can detect the earth's magnetic fields就像探测到电场一样just as they detect electrical fields.像马尔佩洛这样的顶峰Pinnacles like Malpelo突出可能形成地磁异常may stand out as a magnetic anomaly.因而成为磁性地标.and thus a magnetic landmark,鲨鱼的灯塔a bea
17、con for sharks.科学仍在探索这个谜团Science is still plumbing the mystery.在太平洋近二十米的海底Nearly 20m beneath the Pacific,另一个谜团已经破解another enigma has been cracked.奄美大岛 日本1995年 潜水员在日本奄美大岛In 1995, divers discovered delicate patterns附近的海床上发现了精细的图案furrowed into the seabed off Japan's Amami Island.短暂的存在 很快就被洋流冲散They
18、were short-lived- the current would sweep them away.又会出现在其他地方And they'd reappear elsewhere.是谁或什么干的Who or what did this?这种神秘造型困惑着业余探险家The cryptic designs baffled amateur explorers和经验丰富的科学家and seasoned scientists alike.这个谜团持续了十多年The mystery lingered for more than a decade.然后 在2011年Then, in 2011,科学
19、家观察海床将近一年scientists watched the seabed for almost a year.不仅发现了艺术家They discovered not just the artist还发现了一种全新物种but a brand-new species.窄额鲀.the white-spotted pufferfish.难以捉摸 很少被拍摄到So elusive, it's rarely been filmed.这只八厘米长的雄性鱼目标是收集细沙The goal of this 8cm artist is to gather fine sand.为配偶的卵筑一个床.to b
20、uild a bed for his mate's eggs.其他鱼筑巢 没有创造艺术Other fish build nests but none create art.在源源不断的水流中收集细沙Gathering fine sand in a perpetual current就像在风中收集烟雾is like collecting smoke in the wind.这是工程上的胜利In an engineering triumph,圆形沙圈减少了近两成五的水流冲击these sand circles reduce the apparent current by almost 25
21、%.放射状辐条引导水流The radial spokes channel the current把最细的沙子to sweep the finest of sand扫到爱巢的中心into the centre of the love nest.辛勤耕耘 扬起沙子His diligent ploughing lifts the sand使之落入巧妙的陷阱to be captured in his artful trap.建造完成后 尺寸是体长的二十多倍As the design emerges, it's more than 20 times his size.直径达到两米左右To rea
22、ch about 2m in diameter需要一个多星期不懈的努力will take more than a week of relentless work.不能休息 因为潮汐的变动He can't rest because the shifting tides有可能模糊沙圈造型threaten to blur the fine details.把垃圾带到沙圈上.and blow debris onto his canvas.现在是最后的润色And now the final touches.窄额鲀式的鲜花与巧克力The pufferfish version of flowers
23、and chocolate,沙美元和海贝壳sand dollars and sea shells.一只雌性发现了雄性鱼的杰作A female finds the artist's gallery.徘徊在沙圈中心表示赞同She shows approval by hovering in the centre.交♥配♥开始于在脸颊上轻轻地一咬Mating starts with a rough peck on the cheek.转眼间就结束了.and ends in the blink of an eye.只需要几秒钟Seconds is al
24、l it takes.雌鱼把卵子产下接着就走了She deposits her eggs and she's gone.再也不回来了.never to return.雄性鱼留下来照顾爱巢以及后代The artist remains with his creation and his offspring.无论如何都要保护好这些卵The eggs must be protected at all costs.扇动巢穴 用含氧的水来保鲜卵He fans the nest to refresh the eggs with oxygenated water水流慢慢侵蚀窄额鲀的杰作as the c
25、urrent slowly erodes his masterpiece.受精卵孵化后When the eggs hatch,又开始新的艺术创作和生活循环he'll begin a new cycle of art and life.花了十六年的时间才揭开了沙圈的神秘面纱It took 16 years to uncover the mystery of the sand circles.在古老的太平洋上 只不过一瞬间A drop in the bucket of time in the ancient Pacific.至少发生五次物种大灭绝At least five mass ext
26、inctions每一次都消灭了地球上七成五到九♥成♥五的生命have each wiped out 75%-95% of life on Earth.每一次 生命都会回到过去Each time, life clawed its way back.包括只在大太平洋发现的史前遗迹.Including a prehistoric relic found only in the big Pacific.后海湾 香港海洋中一些最古老 最奇特的动物Some of the ocean's oldest and strangest animals如今正在挣扎
27、着生存are struggling to survive today.鲎的历史可以追溯到四亿五千万年前The horseshoe crab dates back 450 million years.历史几乎是最古老恐龙的两倍Almost twice as old as the oldest dinosaur,几乎没有什么改变it has barely changed.拥有坚硬的外壳With its hard carapace,可能被误认为甲壳类动物it could be mistaken for a crustacean.实际上是螯肢动物亚门But it's actually a ch
28、elicerate,与蜘蛛和蝎子同属一个亚门the family of spiders and scorpions.鲎是海底的推土机Horseshoe crabs are the bulldozers of the sea bottom,犁地寻找可以吃的食物ploughing in search of meals they can settle on碾碎成浆and grind to a pulp.小鱼 双壳类 藻类Small fish, bivalves, algae,都是食物it's all good.就像鹦鹉螺一样But like the nautilus,也留下了一些谜团they
29、 leave a few mysteries in their wake.身体上布满了眼睛Their bodies are studded with eyes.在主视觉方面 有一双大复眼For primary vision, they use a pair of large compound eyes其中的感觉细胞比我们大一百倍containing sensory cells 100 times larger than ours.在外壳上有六只以上的眼睛Up to six more eyes on top of their shell可以感觉到可见光和紫外线can sense visible
30、and ultraviolet light.壳下还有两只眼睛Two more eyes under their shell.总共有十只眼睛Ten eyes in all.再加上在尾巴的顶部Plus dozens of light-sensitive photoreceptors和两侧的几十个感光器on the top and sides of their tails.为什么底栖鱼需要这么多的视觉信息Why does a bottom feeder need so much visual information?科学家认为 对光的极度敏感Scientists suggest their extr
31、eme sensitivity to light有助于长途跋涉到海岸线helps them trek their way to the shoreline在那里交♥配♥后产卵where they go to lay their eggs after mating.以前 成群结队的鲎会涌向中国的海滩Hordes of horseshoe crabs used to swarm this Chinese beach,那种现象已经不复存在but those days are over.自2002年以来 这些动物的数量下降了九♥成&am
32、p;hearts;Since 2002, some populations have declined by 90%.一种躲过了五波灭绝浪潮的生物A creature that survived five waves of extinction终于遇到了无法承受的力量finally met a force it can't withstand.工业化.Industrialisation.环境污染Pollution,过度捕捞和交♥配♥栖息地的破坏overfishing, and destruction of mating habitats.现在
33、的谜团是 一项激进的实验能否挽救鲎The mystery now is whether a radical experiment can save it.这取决于在鲎最危险的时候给予保护It hinges on protecting them when they're most at risk.鲎生长缓慢Horseshoe crabs grow so slowly大约需要十二年才能成熟they take about 12 years to mature.随着鲎的成长 需要不断地蜕皮As they grow, they repeatedly shed their shells.每次面对捕
34、食者 都束手无策Each time, they're helpless against predators.在最初的五年里 很弱小For the first five years when they are small,特别容易受到伤害they are particularly vulnerable.在实验室里 鲎寻找食物无需消耗In the lab, crabs don't burn energy looking for food.条件理想 增长速度加快The conditions are ideal so the growth rate is sped up.在一年内 这些
35、年轻的鲎In one year, these juveniles can achieve可以实现五年的成长five years of growth.通往安全的捷径A short cut to safety.科学家与小学生们合作Scientists team up with schoolkids释放幼鲎to release the juveniles.培育下一代鲎.fostering the next generation of crabs和环保主义者and conservationists.幼鲎会在浅水区生活近十年Juveniles remain in the shallows for alm
36、ost a decade成年后才会进入深水区before heading to deeper water as adults.这个项目只有几年的历史 所以谜团依然存在The program is only a few years old, so the mystery lingers-中国能否从现代拯救一种古代遗迹can China save an ancient relic from modern times?同样的水域也是These same waters are home另一种不寻常麻烦不断的生物的家园to another unusual, yet troubled creature.中
37、华白海豚White humpback dolphins分布于太平洋和印度洋found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans从中国到澳大利亚再到非洲from China to Australia to Africa.不像白鲸那样的白化特征They're not albinos like some white whales.生来就是深灰色They're born dark grey.慢慢变白 直到变成雪白.but slowly lighten until they become snowy white.有时 有些甚至呈现粉红色At times, some
38、 even appear pink.科学家认为这是一种热反应But scientists believe that's a heat response,就像人类在热的时候脸会红the way humans flush when hot.这个物种从暗变亮时While this species changes from dark to light,一些近亲会从亮变暗some of its cousins change from light to dark.每一个转变都像另一个一样神秘Each transformation as mysterious as the other.以前的中国渔民
39、 认为白海豚是厄运To Chinese fishermen, the white dolphins once meant bad luck.成千上万的白海豚 跟他们抢鱼获Teeming in the thousands, they vied for their catch.现在只剩下两千五百只 而且还在下降Now the population has plunged to 2,500 and falling.中国给予了白海豚China has given the dolphins最高级别的保护their highest level of protection.但这可能还不够But it may
40、 not be enough.如今 游客们乘船游览 希望能一睹白海豚的踪迹Today, tourists take cruises hoping to spy a white dolphin.但能见到的机会正在减少But their chances of success are dwindling.白海豚现在非常稀少The dolphins are now so rare以至于在海浪上瞥见白色的头that glimpsing a white head above the waves是个好兆头 即使渔民也是如此has become a good omen, even for fishermen.
41、哪里有海豚 哪里就有鱼Where there's dolphin, there's fish.西太平洋还有另一种The western Pacific harbours another creature具有神秘色彩的生物with its own mysterious colour.富山湾 日本在这个春天的满月之下Beneath this spring full moon.渔民们在富山湾外的.fishermen await a vast migration海峡里等着大规模的迁徙in the channels beyond Toyama Bay.这是他们世世代代依赖的特殊事件A s
42、pecial event they have relied upon for generations,使之成为他们坚持文化传统的一部分making it an honoured part of their cultural traditions.在海底深处 有十亿只萤火鱿在跳动Pulsing from the depths, up to a billion firefly squid,每只都不超过一指长each no longer than your finger.像星星一样发光They glow like the stars.萤火鱿拥有一种地球上The firefly squid boast
43、s a type of luminescence独一无二的发光特性like no other on the planet.在每个明亮的蓝色圆点的中心At the heart of each bright blue dot是蛋白质晶体is a crystal of protein.像海洋蓝宝石一样放射着光芒.radiating like an ocean sapphire.也许萤火鱿发出远光灯是为了恐吓捕食者Perhaps the squid hits the high beams to intimidate a predator或与其他萤火鱿交流or communicate with othe
44、r squid.不管怎样 科学家都感到困惑Either way, scientists are stumped.就像童话一样 星星和月亮照耀着大地Like a fairytale, the stars and moon shine down萤火鱿也照耀着大地and the fireflies shine back.渔民们聚集在一起And the fishermen gather.几个世纪以来 萤火鱿一直是日本的美味佳肴For centuries, firefly squid have been a Japanese delicacy-油炸 水煮或生食fried, boiled or raw.如
45、果放在盘子里仍然能发光 那就更好了All the better if they still glow as they hit the plate.渔民们正在争分夺秒The fishermen are running against the clock以确保鱼获是新鲜的to ensure their catch is fresh因为所有这些萤火鱿because all these squid都是按程序在产卵后死亡are programmed to die after spawning.是时候了And it's that time.每一只都是雌萤火鱿Every one is a femal
46、e.在上升时 就会释放受精卵As they rise, they release their fertilised eggs.长一米的串珠项链Beaded necklaces a metre long.每条链上有两万颗卵With up to 20,000 eggs per chain,每颗卵都是如此的小 以至于都能滑过渔民的网each egg is so tiny it slips through the fishermen's nets.再过八♥九♥天 就会在大太平洋中孵化In eight or nine days, they'll
47、 hatch in the big Pacific.一年之后 就会蜂拥回到And a year from now they will return这个海湾 繁殖 然后死亡to swarm this bay, multiply and die.完成一个短暂而又辉煌的生命周期Completing a life cycle as brief as it is brilliant.在遥远的南方 还有一个耀眼的谜团Far to the south lies another dazzling mystery.但是这一个是人为的But this one is man-made.波尔斯金字塔 澳大利亚离澳大利
48、亚海岸五百六十公里处560km off the coast of Australia,有一座孤岛在守夜a lone island stands vigil.比帝国大厦还要高Taller than the Empire State Building,波尔斯金字塔尖顶令人望而生畏Ball's Pyramid is a forbidding spire.拒绝居住和无视探索It resists habitation and defies exploration.是像金字塔一样孤独而神秘的It's home to a species as lonely and mysterious物种的
49、家园as the pyramid itself.这个奇怪故事始于二十公里外的另一个岛上But this strange tale begins 20km away on another island.豪勋爵岛非常偏远 直到1788年才被发现Lord Howe Island is so remote, it sat undiscovered until 1788.这是七百万年前从海洋中喷发It's a garden paradise that erupted from the ocean出来的花♥园♥天堂seven million years
50、ago.完全与世隔绝Never part of any landmass.居住着一群独特的物种Inhabited by a unique population鸟类 蜥蜴和昆虫of birds, lizards and insects.所有物种到达岛上通过海风 海浪或飞行Each transported to the island by wind, waves or wing.其中最奇特的是豪勋爵岛竹节虫One of the strangest was the Lord Howe stick insect.早期水手称之为树龙虾The tree lobster, as early sailors
51、called it.体长十六厘米16cm long,沉重 结实 缓慢heavy, solid and slow.在郁郁葱葱的植被上自♥由♥进餐.dining unfettered on the lush vegetation.直到1918年一场海难释放的黑鼠.until a shipwreck in 1918 released rats.老鼠狼吞虎咽横扫豪勋爵森林They gorged their way through the Lord Howe forests,吃掉能找到的每一只无助的树龙虾eating every helpless tree l
52、obster they found.有几百万年历史的生物A creature millions of years old在两年内就灭绝了gone in two years.1920年是最后一次看到1920 was the last recorded sighting活着的豪勋爵岛竹节虫的记录of a living Lord Howe stick insect.有传闻竹节虫幸存了下来But they survived in rumour,暗示着事情还没有结束hints that their story wasn't over.多年来Throughout the years,试图征服波尔斯
53、金字塔的探险家explorers who tried to conquer Ball's Pyramid声称他们看到了新近死去的竹节虫尸体claimed they saw the corpses of stick insects recently dead.金字塔能容纳大量的漂流者Could the pyramid harbour a population of castaways?在消失近八十年后Almost 80 years after it was lost,2001年攀岩者重新发现了the living insect was rediscovered by rock climb
54、ers这种活昆虫in 2001.在太平洋上空六十五米高的悬崖上.clinging to a cliff 65m above the Pacific.物种的领地The species' territory?一丛灌木A single bush.种群的数量Its population?二十四只Just 24 animals.在这里生存的可能性Odds of survival here?百万分之一A million to one.一场风暴就可能摧毁竹节虫的家园A single storm could have wiped out their home.树龙虾的交♥配&am
55、p;hearts;行为In a behaviour rare among insects,在昆虫中很少见tree lobsters pair off看起来是一夫一妻制in breeding couples that seem monogamous而且产卵量很大and they produce eggs prolifically.多亏了世界各地动物园的密集繁殖Thanks to intensive breeding at zoos around the world,这二十四个幸存者的卵成倍增加eggs from those 24 survivors multiplied.在十五年里变成了超过一万
56、三千只树龙虾.and in 15 years became more than 13,000 tree lobsters.这个物种现在已经获救The species is now rescued.复活的拉撒路物种A Lazarus species back from the dead.究竟是如何到达这些岛屿的呢But how did it get to these islands at all?是经过二十公里的水路到达波尔斯金字塔It travelled 20 watery kilometres to Ball's Pyramid从豪勋爵岛来from Lord Howe.更大的谜团是竹
57、节虫最初But the larger mystery is how did the stick insects是如何到达豪勋爵岛的get to Lord Howe Island in the first place?其DNA表明是从澳大利亚来 旅行了六百五十公里Its DNA suggests it travelled 650km from Australia,可能通过浮木maybe on driftwood.一次非凡的而又难以解释的旅程A journey as extraordinary as it is inexplicable.这种树龙虾已经被发现两次了The tree lobster
58、has been discovered twice.在二十一世纪In the 21st century,发现的步伐揭开了更多的谜团the pace of discovery unveils more mysteries.温哥华 加拿大一位深海探险的世界领先者A world leader in deep ocean exploration正准备踏上寻找prepares for a journey to find地球上最古老生物的征程the oldest living creatures on Earth.菲尔·纽顿是海洋版的莱特兄弟Phil Nuytten is the marine
59、version of a Wright brother.莱特兄弟带我们上天堂 菲尔带我们进深渊They took us to the heavens. He takes us into the abyss.四十年来For 40 years,菲尔设计了潜水器和硬壳潜水服Phil has engineered submersibles and hard suits使用者从美国航♥空♥航♥天♥局到美国海军used by everyone from NASA to the US Navy再到寻宝者to treasu
60、re hunters.菲尔和他的机器已经He and his machines have made完成了世界上最深的潜水some of the world's deepest dives.揭示了我们从未见过的东西.revealing things we've never seen before.收到Roger that, roger that.水箱注水 继续下潜Flooding tanks, proceeding to bottom.水瓶座潜水器The "Aquarius" submersible可以载三个人下潜超过三百米can carry three pe
61、ople to a depth of over 300m.在一百五十米以下 阳光几乎照射不到Beyond 150m down, a place that sunlight barely touches.曾经有人认为几乎没有什么东西能在这里生存It was once thought that almost nothing could live here.但他们错了But we were wrong.这个陌生无阳光的世界一样适宜生存This alien and sunless world is habitable.我们的目的地又深了三十米Our destination is another 30m
62、 deeper.菲尔的目标是三十多公里长的海绵礁Phil's goal- a reef more than 30km long.这里有个罕见的奇观Home to a rare spectacle,是地球上最早的生物之一one of the first creatures to ever inhabit the Earth.玻璃海绵Glass sponges.在地球上生活了超过五亿年They've lived on Earth more than 500 million years.比人类最早的祖先还要早一百倍A hundred times older than mankind's earliest ancestor.也许是所有复杂动物的祖先Perhaps the ancestor of a
